Background: Alkyl ester quaternary ammonium compounds (ester quats) are used extensively in fabric rinse conditioners. It is important to document in the literature the outcome of historical ...

The vast majority of people have never heard of quaternary ammonium compounds. The term doesn't exactly roll off the tongue, and so they are often referred to, quite simply, as QACs. QACs are one of ...

Ammonium ions (NH 4 +) – found in ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate – can be identified by heating a solution of the ions with sodium hydroxide.