Gas phase calculations at 1 atmosphere pressure between 300 and 1500 K at 200 K intervals were conducted using the Gaussian-4 (G4) composite method level of theory on a representative set of reactions ...

Hess’s Law states that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is independent of the route taken. This means that the enthalpy change for the overall process will be identical regardless of how ...

The course introduces fundamental thermodynamic principles presented from a chemical engineering perspective. The first and second law of thermodynamics, PV relationships for real and ideal fluids and ...

Energy is required to break a covalent bond between two atoms to overcome the attractive force. Bond breaking is an endothermic process. The opposite is true if we want to make new bonds. Energy is ...