We review the cranial morphology of the Late Carboniferous terrestrial tetrapod Gephyrostegus bohemicus from the coal deposits of the Nýřany Basin in the Czech Republic. Gephyrostegus is known from ...

CT scans reveal unique asymmetrical cranial anatomy, similar to an owl, may be key to the survival of Australia's critically endangered night parrot Australia's night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis).

Paleontologists have recreated the cranial structure of a 308-million-year-old lizard-like vertebrate that could be the earliest example of a reptile and explain the origin of all vertebrates that ...

The Parareptilia, the sister group to the Eureptilia, is poorly known, with many taxa in need of adequate description. One such taxon, Macroleter poezicus is found in Middle Permian strata of the ...

A complex system of nerves and muscles enables the human eye to blink, gaze, and shift focus. The trochlear nerve is one of six cranial nerves that carry electrical impulses from the brain to the eye.

While instructing medical students in anatomy, the great Renaissance physician Andreus Vesalius was in the habit of sketching muscles and nerves on the dissecting table. Like his forebears, he ...

The cranial anatomy of an extinct fish reveals an intermediate stage in the evolution of feeding systems in vertebrates, a study finds. During the transition from water to land, vertebrates shifted ...