Frederick II’s final chapter was filled with war, reform, excommunication, and accusations that he was a precursor to the Antichrist. Stories claimed he performed horrific experiments, including ...

Frederick II promised to go on crusade, but delays pushed him into open conflict with the papacy. Pope Gregory IX excommunicated him after illness and delay kept him from departing as expected, but ...

Few figures of the Middle Ages are as famous as Frederick II of Swabia, emperor and king of Sicily. Around this sovereign who lived between 1194 and 1250 legends and myths arose and dozens of ...

Dr Adam Storring helps us understand Frederick II of Prussia, a complicated man, who like Xerxes and Alexander III before him, was obsessed with outdoing and outshining his father. Read the transcript ...

A look at Frederick II who, behind his numerous titles and positions, including both king and emperor, was an "inexhaustible intellectual adventurer and a bold politician and strategist." Christmas ...

Frederick II was a powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the Medieval Era often referred to as stupor mundi, or wonder of the world. Born in 1194, Frederick's reign saw the Holy Roman Empire reach its-all ...