Automotive design has come a long way since Karl Benz designed the Patent Motorwagen in the late 1800s, and Henry Ford brought the T-4 powered Model T to the masses in 1908. Those early cars were ...

If drum brakes and flat-tappet camshafts are old-school technology, then springs are quite literally ancient. In some respects the wooden bows and catapults used by medieval knights to bludgeon their ...

Leaf springs live a hard life under your 4x4. They are constantly blasted by sand, covered in mud, splashed with water, and dragged across rocks. Every time the suspension flexes or hits a bump, each ...