Engineered living materials (ELMs) are composites in which genetically programmed cells remain alive inside a polymer or mineral matrix, giving the material the ability to grow, sense, respond, and ...

Narrow-bandgap materials are semiconductors whose forbidden energy gap between the valence and conduction bands is smaller than that of silicon, often below about 1 eV and especially important below ...

Beyond ongoing debates surrounding prefabrication, reuse, and glocalization, material definition in architecture today, more than ever, seeks a balance between innovation, tradition, efficiency, and ...