Ancient hot springs in Japan reveal how microbes adapted to Earth’s first oxygen, offering insights into early life.
The appearance of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere was a turning point in the history of our planet, forever transforming the ...
It took three million years for the chemical composition of the planet to be stable after its birth, but elements to help ...
Just over 4 billion years ago, magma from Earth’s mantle infiltrated a fracture in the young planet’s primordial crust. Over the following aeons, nearly all of the planet’s early crust melted back ...