For decades, scientists have been curious about how much water Mars once had and what led to its gradual transformation into ...

Walden became the foundational text for the aesthetic strand of the American environmental movement. Its emphasis on nature’s ...

Coccolithophores, tiny planktonic architects of Earth’s climate, capture carbon, produce oxygen, and leave behind geological ...

The surface of our planet is a true geological theater where a permanent spectacle of movements and transformations takes place. These impressive phenomena result from plate tectonics, a ...

A subduction zone near Cascadia is unraveling piece by piece. The process offers a rare glimpse into how tectonic plates die and form new geological boundaries. With unprecedented clarity, researchers ...

Smithsonian researcher Ingrid Romero studies fossil pollen to reconstruct ancient climates and predict future changes ...

It was the winter of 1929. A young assistant superintendent of the Geological Survey of India was deputed to undertake field ...

The appearance of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere was a turning point in the history of our planet, forever transforming the ...

Cratons are thick and relatively cold, making them very durable during earth’s history. Continents, and their craton cores, ...

Emerging evidence suggests that plate tectonics, or the recycling of Earth's crust, may have begun much earlier than ...

Discover Salkhan Fossil Park in Uttar Pradesh, home to 1.4 billion-year-old stromatolite fossils that showcase Earth’s ...

Ancient ocean grains show Earth’s carbon levels were far lower than expected during key evolutionary eras. The results challenge old theories of life’s rise and hint at patterns that could shape our ...