Cratons are thick and relatively cold, making them very durable during earth’s history. Continents, and their craton cores, float on the surface of the earth’s molten mantle, like ice cubes floating ...

In a groundbreaking study published in Science Advances (2025), scientists uncovered a fascinating and unusual process occurring deep beneath the Pacific Northwest. For the first time, a subduction ...

China is moving ahead with plans to construct the world’s largest hydropower dam on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet. Once complete, this dam is expected to generate nearly ...

The continents are in constant motion: Tectonic plates crash together and break apart, creating new crust while old crust is pulled below the surface. The process shrinks and widens oceans, uplifts ...