Zwitterions sound like a distant cousin of Twitter (X), but in fact they are a common macromolecule found in human cells.

The last two decades have seen an increase in the use of biological over mechanical heart valve replacements. However, while ...

Once something is living - whether that’s a cell, tissue, or [the living valve] - it adapts on its own. Biology is like magic.’ Research published in Nature Communications Biology showed ...

Mechanical valves last longer, but blood can clot on them. A patient may need long-term medication that prevents blood clots developing. Biological valves are more likely to wear out.

The results are published in the journal Communications Biology. Heart valve replacement is a life-saving treatment, but it is rarely a long-term solution. Both mechanical and biological valves ...